| Аннотация | This review is devoted to the description of chemical peculiarities of industrial
oil crops cultivated (or prospective for cultivation) in Russia, which are stored
in the VIR collection. Different crops have similar fatty acids biosynthesis pathways, but each species has its own individualities in the chemical composition
of the oil and its genetic control. The diversity of oil crop chemical composition
opens the possibility of its multipurpose utilization practically in all industrial
segments. Sunflower, rapeseed, flax, mustard, camelina and safflower are cultivated in Russia as oil crops. Castor beans, perilla, lallemantia and noog are
not cultivated on an industrial scale, but have original oil properties and are
prospective for future cultivation. Hemp and poppy seeds contain oil valuable
for food, but they are not widespread. Cotton and peanut oils are prospective
for industrial purposes when early, already created varieties of these crops will
be cultivated in Russia. Oil properties depend on the ratio of its basic fatty acids: saturated (stearic, palmitic) and unsaturated (oleic, linoleic, linolenic). As a
rule, lauric, myristic and palmitoleic acids are determined in minor quantities.
The oil of Brassicaceae crops also includes arachidic, eicosenoic, eicosadienoic,
behenic, erucic and lignoceric acids. Fatty acids accumulation is influenced by
growing conditions, though it has strict genetic control. |
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| Ключевые слова | oil crops, fatty acids, sunflower, linseed, rapeseed, safflower, mustard, castor bean, hemp, peanut. |
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